Turkey: Contracts and Commercial Law

Avrupa Birliği’nin (“AB”) iklim değişikliği ile mücadele politikalarının temel unsurlarından biri olan Avrupa Yeşil Mutabakatı kapsamında, sera gazı emisyonlarının azaltılması ve 2050 yılı itibarıyla iklim nötr bir ekonomiye ulaşılması hedeflenmektedir.

This article examines Turkey's personal data protection framework under Law No. 6698 from the perspective of companies operating in, selling into or otherwise handling data connected with the Turkish market. It addresses the distinction between data controllers and processors, lawful processing, the information duty, the 2024 reform of special-category data and cross-border transfers, the 2025 VERBIS exemption update, data subject requests, breach response and enforcement.

Turkey’s competition regime applies to domestic conduct and to foreign transactions or practices capable of producing effects in Turkish markets. For international businesses, the principal exposure points are merger notification, pre-closing coordination, conduct by firms with market power, exchanges of competitively sensitive information and cartel enforcement. The 2026 amendments to the Turkish merger-control framework materially raise the general turnover thresholds while preserving a lower, specially tailored test for qualifying technology undertakings established in Türkiye.

Avrupa Birliği’nin (“AB”) iklim değişikliği ile mücadele politikalarının temel unsurlarından biri olan Avrupa Yeşil Mutabakatı kapsamında, sera gazı emisyonlarının azaltılması ve 2050 yılı itibarıyla iklim nötr bir ekonomiye ulaşılması hedeflenmektedir.

This article examines commercial debt recovery in Italy for Turkish creditors. It considers the debtor and its assets, jurisdiction, applicable law, evidence of the debt, interest, payment orders, service, objections, enforcement and insolvency

Şirket ortağının ölümü, miras hukukunun yanı sıra şirketler hukuku bakımından da önemli sonuçlar doğurur. Ölen ortağın sahip olduğu şirket paylarının mirasçılara geçmesiyle birlikte, mirasçıların ortaklık sıfatının ne zaman kazanıldığı, genel kurul toplantılarına katılıp katılamayacakları, oy ve kâr payı haklarını nasıl kullanacakları ve şirketin mirasçıların ortaklığına müdahale edip edemeyeceği gibi çeşitli hukuki meseleler gündeme gelir.

This article considers the legal due diligence required for a foreign investment in Türkiye, from the choice of corporate structure to ongoing operations and exit. It examines foreign ownership, capital requirements, corporate documentation, incentives, property acquisition, employment authorisation, investment reporting and dispute resolution. The statutory framework and the judicial authorities discussed in the manuscript are considered alongside the practical allocation of responsibilities between advisers.

This article examines the establishment and continuing management of a foreign business presence in Türkiye. It compares subsidiaries, branches and liaison offices, and considers capital, corporate documentation, governance, representative authority, investment reporting, work authorisation and data protection. Judicial decisions concerning corporate organisation and management duties are considered in their relevant context. The analysis argues that the choice of vehicle should follow the proposed activity, ownership arrangements and expected life of the investment. Effective legal preparation connects incorporation with the company's subsequent compliance, financing, decision-making and exit arrangements rather than treating registration as the final objective.

The Principle Decisions dated 03.09.2026 and numbered i-SPK.15.2 and i-SPK.81.1 (the “Principle Decisions”), published in the Capital Markets Board Bulletin dated 08.09.2026 and numbered 2026/57, have revised the minimum threshold for material event disclosures regarding changes in shareholdings and voting rights in companies whose shares are traded on the stock exchange, as well as the concept of shares in actual circulation and the principles governing their calculation.