Turkey: Contracts and Commercial Law

The transfer of shares in a license-holding company operating in the natural gas market is not merely a corporate law transaction to be completed under the Turkish Commercial Code. Prior approval from the Energy Market Regulatory Authority may be required where, among other matters, direct or indirect share acquisitions cross above or below specified thresholds or privileges or usufruct rights are created.

The Turkish Competition Board examined whether TEMU's algorithmic pricing recommendation system constitutes an anticompetitive mechanism by effectively imposing price parity obligations on sellers through traffic allocation penalties. While the Board found the practice approaches a de facto most-favoured-customer clause with potential to restrict competition, it declined to open a full investigation due to TEMU's limited market power in Turkey's multi-category e-marketplace sector.

Gebze Commercial Court issued a significant decision on 10 April 2025 (Case No. 2023/111, Decision No. 2025/320) regarding the personal liability of company directors under Articles 553 and 626 of the Turkish Commercial Code (“TCC”) in which we successfully represented our client for (i) internal fraud investigation, (ii) employment lay-off procedure, (iii) forced dismissal of the director litigation, (iv) criminal investigation, (v) civil litigation, (vi) criminal prosecution and (vii) collection procedure.

The transfer of shares in a license-holding company operating in the natural gas market is not merely a corporate law transaction to be completed under the Turkish Commercial Code. Prior approval from the Energy Market Regulatory Authority may be required where, among other matters, direct or indirect share acquisitions cross above or below specified thresholds or privileges or usufruct rights are created.

An agent is defined under Article 102 of the Turkish Commercial Code (the “TCC”).

Uzun dönem araç kiralamalarında kiracının hukuki konumu, hem Türk Borçlar Kanunu'ndan doğan sözleşmesel sorumluluk hem de Karayolları Trafik Kanunu'ndan kaynaklanan işleten sorumluluğu olmak üzere iki farklı rejim altında incelenmektedir. Kiracının özen borcu, iade yükümlülüğü, güveni kötüye kullanma suçu kapsamındaki cezai sorumluluk ve sigorta ilişkisin

One of the principal reasons for preferring limited liability companies is the separation between the assets of the company and those of its shareholders, and the fact that, as a rule, shareholders are not personally liable for the company’s debts. Indeed, pursuant to Article 602 of Turkish Commercial Code No. 6102 (the “TCC”), a limited liability company is liable for its debts and obligations solely with its own assets.

This third article in the Brazil–Türkiye cattle corridor series looks forward to 2027 and 2028, and considers what happens when a market already under significant pressure must deal simultaneously with an extreme El Niño and a fertiliser market that is not expected to normalise before 2028.

Hukukumuzda faiz, kimi zaman paranın kul-lanım bedeli kimi zaman borçlunun temerrüdüne bağlanan bir yaptırım kimi zaman ise alacaklının uğradığı zararın asgari düzeyde telafisine hizmet eden tamamlayıcı bir araç olarak karşımıza çıkar. Örneğin 3095 sayılı Kanuni Faiz ve Temerrüt Fai-zine İlişkin Kanun (“Faiz Kanunu”) m. 1’de taraflar-ca faiz oranının kararlaştırılmadığı hâllerde uy-gulanacak kanuni faiz oranı düzenlenirken Faiz Kanunu’nu m. 2’de temerrüt faizine ilişkin esaslar düzenlenmektedir