Turkey: Contracts and Commercial Law

This article examines the Turkish legal framework for distance sales and its implications for foreign businesses supplying consumers through websites, applications and online marketplaces. It considers pre-contractual information, payment acknowledgement, withdrawal rights, exceptions, refunds, return costs and platform responsibilities. The discussion also addresses cross-border transactions and the Court of Cassation decisions cited in the article. The analysis treats compliance as a purchasing-process issue rather than a standard-form drafting exercise. Its practical focus is the alignment of consumer-facing information, contractual terms, technical checkout arrangements and the evidence needed to respond to a complaint or regulatory inquiry.

This article considers the principal legal issues affecting foreign buyers and sellers of Turkish real estate. It examines acquisition eligibility, title and encumbrance checks, security restrictions, undeveloped land, formal transfer requirements, off-plan purchases, taxes and powers of attorney. The discussion also distinguishes ownership from residence permission and citizenship eligibility, and considers the Court of Cassation authorities cited in the text. The analysis treats due diligence as an assessment of the proposed buyer, the property and its intended use. Its purpose is to connect the commercial expectations of the transaction with the ownership, use and exit position supported by the documents.

This article examines the legal and practical considerations that arise when a foreign individual or company instructs counsel in Türkiye. It distinguishes the legal requirement for representation from the broader need to protect a client's procedural and commercial position. The discussion addresses professional registration, independence, confidentiality, conflicts of interest, attorney fees, engagement terms and powers of attorney executed abroad. It also considers the Court of Cassation authority and professional materials cited in the text. The analysis emphasises a clearly defined mandate, proportionate authority, reliable communication and early identification of deadlines, evidence and costs.