India: Employee Rights/ Labour Relations

India's labour law reforms, consolidated into four Labour Codes, have significantly restructured the regulatory framework governing wages, social security, industrial relations, and workplace conditions.

The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal) Act, 2013 (“PoSH Act”) provides a legal framework to prevent sexual harassment at the workplace and to provide a fair, confidential and timely redressal process for victims.

In a notable development, the Government of Gujarat has brought into force, the Gujarat Shops and Establishments (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) (Amendment) Act, 2026 (Gujarat S&E Amendment Act 2026) through a notification in the Official Gazette on 27 February 2026.

The Government of India has taken a historic step by enacting four comprehensive Labour Codes, effective from November 21, 2025. This significant reform consolidates 29 Central labour laws into a single, streamlined regulatory framework that covers wages, industrial relations, social security, and occupational safety and health.

Labour is a subject in the Concurrent List under the Constitution of India, where both the Central & State Governments are competent to enact legislation.

The Supreme Court in Dr. Sohail Malik v. Union of India & Anr., has clarified the jurisdiction of Internal Complaints Committees ("ICC") under the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 ("POSH Act").

In a recent directive reinforcing inclusive health case, the Tamil Nadu medical Council (TNMC) has mandated LGBTQIA+ sensitisation and transgender health training for all doctors, medical faculty members, and students across the state.

This article is aimed at CFOs, finance teams, HR heads and in house counsel at medium and large employers, including those currently under EPFO inquiry or audit, and sets out the scheme's mechanics, financial exposure, strategic decision making framework, practical compliance roadmap and key risks, with a particular focus on how EES 2025 interacts with pending EPFO proceedings.

The Pradhan Mantri Viksit Bharat Rozgar Yojana is a government initiative aimed at promoting employment generation and workforce formalisation in India. By providing targeted incentives to both employers and employees...