Europe: Criminal Law

The UK continues to strengthen its approach to white collar crime and corporate investigations, with significant legal and regulatory reforms introduced in 2025 and further changes anticipated.

The UK Economic Crime & Corporate Transparency Act 2023 (ECCTA)1 introduced two fundamental reforms that dramatically broaden the potential exposure to UK criminal liability...

Companies' compliance programmes have taken on increasing significance over recent years, with the introduction of a range of "failure to prevent" offences that can be committed irrespective of the company's involvement in...

Türk hukuk doktrininde gizlilik sözleşmeleri, kanunda objektif esaslı noktaları düzenlenmediği için "isimsiz sözleşme" (innominate contract) olarak kabul edilir. Bu sözleşmeler bazen hizmet, vekâlet veya eser sözleşmesi gibi tipik sözleşmelerin bir parçasını oluştururken, bazen de tamamen bağımsız bir hukuki işlem olarak karşımıza çıkar.

Yabancı mahkeme ve hakem kararlarının tenfizi ile yabancı hakem kararlarının iptali davalarında en sık karşılaşılan itirazlardan biri...

Can a foreign court judgment be directly enforced in Türkiye?

In 2025, Dutch enforcement authorities prioritized targeted indictments and penalty orders, with new guidance on self-reporting and cooperation shaping internal investigations.

AI: from warnings to action. 2025 saw warnings from the court about serious sanctions for lawyers who submit documents that have been prepared using artificial intelligence and citing imaginary...

Germany started 2025 with rising enforcement risk as authorities intensified their efforts to combat financial crime.

Home Secretary Yvette Cooper, in an interview with the BBC on Sunday, has pledged to tackle illegal working within the gig economy by closing existing loopholes.

Germany started 2025 with rising enforcement risk as authorities intensified their efforts to combat financial crime.

From 24 January the violation of EU international sanctions has become a criminal violation, also triggering the criminal liability of corporations.