Europe: Consumer Protection

The liability of e-commerce platforms arising from consumer transactions has become one of the most widely debated issues in both Turkish and comparative law in recent years.

Elektronik ticaret platformlarının tüketici işlemlerinden kaynaklanan sorumluluğu, son yıllarda hem Türk hukukunda hem de karşılaştırmalı hukukta giderek daha fazla tartışılan konulardan biri hâline gelmiştir.

AYM’ye yapılan 2024/187 esas sayılı başvuruda, e-ticaret platformundan alınan ayıplı ürün nedeniyle açılan manevi tazminat davasında, TKHK m.48/6(d)’deki “…ile 11 inci…” ibaresi ile ETK m.9/1’in Anayasa’ya aykırılığı ileri sürülmüştür.

HM Treasury has unveiled comprehensive reforms to the Consumer Credit Act 1974, marking the most significant overhaul of consumer credit regulation in decades.

HM Treasury has published its Policy Statement on reform of the Consumer Credit Act 1974 (CCA), setting out the planned policy direction following the Phase 1 consultation which closed in July 2025. The statement confirms the intention to repeal many provisions of the CCA, recasting these within the Financial Conduct Authority's (FCA) Handbook (though not necessarily as a direct copy-out). 

The UK government has announced significant reforms to the Consumer Credit Act 1974, scrapping the phase two consultation and moving forward with changes that will remove automatic unenforceability sanctions while shifting many prescriptive requirements from statute to FCA rules.

Turkey has introduced a new regulatory framework governing the production and marketing of fruit saplings and propagation materials through a comprehensive certification system.

Belgian online traders face a new legal requirement to implement a mandatory 'withdraw here' button on their webshops by 19 June 2026. This EU directive fundamentally changes how consumers exercise...

On 5 March 2026, the Central Bank of Ireland (CBI) published a Discussion Paper (DP12) (PDF 1.4 MB) examining the use of DLT and tokenisation within Irish and European financial services, with a particular focus on investment funds, including money market funds and exchange-traded funds.

The UK Home Office has introduced sweeping changes to the compliance framework for educational institutions sponsoring international students, tightening performance thresholds and implementing...

The Graduate Immigration Route enables international students who have completed eligible UK courses to remain in the UK for work or self-employment without requiring a job offer or sponsorship. With recent changes affecting visa duration based on application timing...

Technology and economic uncertainty are reshaping work, but access to opportunity remains uneven. Through mentoring programs spanning from professionals over 50 to young people and trauma survivors...