Europe: Consumer Protection

The European Union has reached a compromise on the Payment Services Directive 3 (PSD3) and Payment Services Regulation (PSR), introducing sweeping changes to harmonise payment rules across Member States. The package addresses fragmentation under PSD2 by migrating conduct-of-business rules into directly applicable regulations, while introducing new provisions on cash access, cryptocurrency payment services, fraud liability, and open banking.

When did you last review your standard terms and conditions? If you can’t remember, now is the time. The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) has made unfair contract terms a top enforcement priority...

AI Agents are transforming commerce by autonomously selecting goods, comparing prices, and initiating payments on behalf of consumers. This briefing explores the complex regulatory challenges and opportunities that agentic commerce presents for businesses, from contract formation and payment regulation to consumer protection and strategic partnerships.

AI Agents are transforming commerce by autonomously selecting goods, comparing prices, and initiating payments on behalf of consumers. This briefing explores the complex regulatory challenges and opportunities that agentic commerce presents for businesses, from contract formation and payment regulation to consumer protection and strategic partnerships.

The UK Competition and Markets Authority has exercised its new enforcement powers under the Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act 2024 for the first time, imposing a £4.2 million penalty on The AA for drip pricing practices.

Subscription contracts are increasingly popular across the economy, but research by the UK Government suggests that consumers currently spend around £1.6 billion per year on subscriptions they do not want...

Our Administrative Law Briefing Special Edition analyses the consolidated legal framework for University Legal Entities in Greece, following a series of judgments by the Council of State, including:

Just in time for the 2026 exam season, Ganado In Session returns with another revision-focused podcast – this time tailored for second-year law students tackling CVL 2008, Law of Property.

Hazır beyan sisteminde gelir ve giderler otomatik olarak beyannameye akıyor. Ancak, eğitim ve sağlık harcamalarına hazır beyan sisteminden ulaşılırken bunları defter beyan sistemine tek tek girmek gerekiyor. Bu mükellef ve meslek mensupları için oldukça zahmetli ve zaman alıcı bir işlem. Umarım Maliye Bakanlığı gelecek yıl sistemi yeniler…

On 31 March 2026 the Government of Jersey launched a consultation on the secondary legislation proposed to support Jersey's consumer credit regime. The Financial Services...

On 17 March 2026, SCHUFA Holding AG (SCHUFA) – Germany's largest and most influential credit reference agency (CRA) – implemented a comprehensive reform of its scoring methodology...

Advancements in the world of fintech have fundamentally reshaped consumer behaviour through the rise of flexible payment methods, driven by surging technological developments.