Turkey: Civil Law

This article examines the procedural framework for civil litigation in Türkiye from the perspective of foreign companies and claimants. It considers subject-matter and territorial jurisdiction, international jurisdiction, mandatory mediation, service, pleadings, evidence, expert reports, security, interim relief and appeals.

The correct determination of which branch of the judiciary has jurisdiction over a dispute is important not only for identifying the judicial authority that will examine the merits of the case, but also for the effective exercise of the right to seek redress, the protection of time limits for bringing proceedings, and the observance of procedural rights acquired by the parties. This is because the division of jurisdiction between the ordinary and administrative courts relates to public order and may be taken into account ex officio by the courts at every stage of the proceedings

Law No. 7589 changes rules on enforcement, statutory interest, criminal procedure, compensation and civil proceedings in Turkey.