One of the changes brought about by Covid-19 is a shift in work practices particularly in relation to working from home. This has brought to the fore the question of whether employees have to work in the case of adverse weather conditions such as Black Rainstorm warnings, Typhoon signal 8 (or above) and/or "extreme conditions" caused by super typhoons ("Adverse Weather"). In this article, we consider arrangements that employers may consider putting in place during Adverse Weather conditions.
Introduction
In Hong Kong, there is no law relating to work arrangements in case of Adverse Weather.
Although the Labour Department's Code of Practice during Typhoons and Rainstorms ("Code") provides practical guidelines for employers and employees, the Code is not legally binding and does not mention work from home ("WFH") arrangements in the case of Adverse Weather.
Consequentially, whether an employee gets to take a day off or is expected to work during Adverse Weather conditions would largely depend on the contractual agreements in place, and whether there are agreed terms in respect of WFH. If the employee is contractually entitled to a day-off in case of Adverse Weather, the employee cannot be forced to come into the office or WFH.
If there are no contractual agreements in place, an employer may wish to consider coming to an agreement with its employees as to whether to require employees to work during Adverse Weather conditions. This may include coming into work as operational needs and the urgency of service dictates, or giving employees time off because their work cannot be carried out at home (for example, in case of service industries, it is unlikely that employees such as waiters and hairdressers will be able to WFH).
Laws relating to employees' safety
Employers are reminded that: –
- The Occupational Safety and Health Ordinance
("OSHO") requires an employer to
maintain a safe workplace for employees. This includes providing
and maintaining safe access to and egress from the workplace in a
condition that is safe and without risks to health. Employers
should take reasonably practicable measures to ensure that areas in
close proximity of the workplace that the employees have to have
access in order to enter or exit from work (such as doorways, the
corridors and the staircases), are in a condition that do not pose
any risk to the employees' safety.
- Under the Employees' Compensation Ordinance
("ECO"), employers are liable in case of
an accident that causes injury or death of the employee who is
commuting to or from the workplace when the Adverse Weather warning
is in force. This includes accidents occurring during commute by a
direct route from the employee's residence to their workplace
within four hours before working hours, or from their workplace
back to their residence after work, within four hours after working
hours.
- Under the Employment Ordinance, it is unlawful for an employer to reduce the employees' entitlements to annual leave, statutory holidays, or rest days to compensate for the loss of working hours resulting from Adverse Weather.
Arrangements relating to Adverse Weather
Subject to existing contractual rights and obligations, employers may consider the following factors when putting in place any arrangements and policies which apply during Adverse Weather conditions.
- Awareness of policies: Employees should be made aware of any
Adverse Weather policies in place. It may also be useful to
circulate reminders of the Adverse Weather policies in force to
ensure employees are familiar with the protocol to be followed in
the event there is a forecast of Adverse Weather.
- Working from home: Given the increased use of technology, it
may be useful for employers to set out policies for WFH
arrangements during Adverse Weather conditions. Factors that an
employer should consider before incorporating WFH has been
discussed in details in our previous article and can be accessed here. In addition, we note that during Adverse
Weather conditions, employers should consider cancelling
out-of-office meetings and where practicable, make use of
technology for conducting meetings.
- Realistic assessment and flexibility: Employers may consider
factors such as nature of work, whether the work can be done
remotely, the urgency of the work in question and the difficulties
faced by the employee(s) when requiring employees to work during
Adverse Weather conditions. Whilst WFH may be a feasible option for
some employees, employers must bear in mind circumstances where it
may not be possible for employees to either report to work or WFH
(for example, in cases of property damage or disturbed internet
connection during Adverse Weather).
- Communication: Alongside clear communication of arrangements and policies, employersmust set up points of contact such as a supervisor or human resource personnel who may be contacted in case of any queries, reporting issues and any difficulty the employees face while reporting to the office.
To conclude, it is may be helpful for employers to review their existing policies and seek legal advice if they wish to amend employment contracts or employee handbooks to incorporate work arrangements during Adverse Weather. In cases where employers do not have policies in place, it may be worthwhile to introduce policies in relation to Adverse Weather.
The content of this article is intended to provide a general guide to the subject matter. Specialist advice should be sought about your specific circumstances.
