Turkey: Corporate and Company Law

One of the economic purposes of joint stock companies is to generate profits through their business activities and to distribute such profits among their shareholders in accordance with the rules stipulated by law and the articles of association.

This article considers the principal legal issues affecting foreign buyers and sellers of Turkish real estate. It examines acquisition eligibility, title and encumbrance checks, security restrictions, undeveloped land, formal transfer requirements, off-plan purchases, taxes and powers of attorney. The discussion also distinguishes ownership from residence permission and citizenship eligibility, and considers the Court of Cassation authorities cited in the text. The analysis treats due diligence as an assessment of the proposed buyer, the property and its intended use. Its purpose is to connect the commercial expectations of the transaction with the ownership, use and exit position supported by the documents.

This article examines the legal and practical considerations that arise when a foreign individual or company instructs counsel in Türkiye. It distinguishes the legal requirement for representation from the broader need to protect a client's procedural and commercial position. The discussion addresses professional registration, independence, confidentiality, conflicts of interest, attorney fees, engagement terms and powers of attorney executed abroad. It also considers the Court of Cassation authority and professional materials cited in the text. The analysis emphasises a clearly defined mandate, proportionate authority, reliable communication and early identification of deadlines, evidence and costs.