India: Corporate/Commercial Law

The COVID-19 pandemic transformed force majeure clauses from overlooked boilerplate provisions into critical contract terms that determined business survival. This article examines how Indian and Japanese companies have fundamentally revised their commercial agreements in response to lessons learned during the pandemic, moving beyond traditional "acts of God" language to address modern disruptions including pandemics, cyberattacks, and regulatory changes.

The blockchain networks and the associated decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) are frequently described with the help of democracy. The crypto currency token holder’s vote proposals are widely debated in public forums.

Over the life of a company, small amounts quietly accumulate dividends that are never encased, old deposits that are not claimed, shares that sit in forgotten folios. Indian law does not allow these sums to remain with companies indefinitely. Instead, they must eventually move into a central pool called the Investor Education and Protection Fund (IEPF), managed by a government authority.