Competition Law and Antitrust Law

India attracted nearly $58 billion in foreign direct investment in FY 2025–26. Behind every major investment lies an assumption that, once a regulator has examined a transaction...

The Competition (Amendment) Act, 2023 has significantly modernized and revamped the Competition Act, 2002 and has equipped the Competition Commission of India (hereinafter "CCI") to better regulate the rapidly evolving digital markets, corporate restructuring from the lens of antitrust perspective, and also to effectively detect and punish anti-competitive/abusive business conducts.

Cartels remain the most serious form of anti-competitive conduct under competition law. By coordinating prices, restricting output, rigging bids, allocating customers, or dividing territories, cartel participants replace competitive market forces with collusion, causing significant harm to consumers, businesses, and the economy. Such arrangements typically operate in secrecy, making detection one of the most challenging aspects of competition law enforcement worldwide.