United Kingdom: Litigation, Mediation & Arbitration

The High Court has ruled on a major insurance dispute involving Nord Stream AG's claim for approximately €570 million in damages to its Baltic Sea pipelines following explosions in September 2022. The judgment addresses critical questions about war exclusions in insurance policies, causation tests for indirect connection to war, and whether damage caused by state or sub-state actors falls within policy exclusions.

The Upper Tribunal's recent decision in UK v Secretary of State for the Home Department examines two cases where legal practitioners submitted AI-generated hallucinated authorities in immigration proceedings. The judgment establishes critical standards for professional supervision, verification procedures, and confidentiality obligations when using artificial intelligence tools in legal practice.

The Competition Appeal Tribunal has refused Apple's application to decertify a pending opt-out class action brought by app developers, marking the first time the Tribunal considered revoking a collective proceedings order. Following the Supreme Court's landmark ruling in Evans v Barclays Bank, the Tribunal examined whether certification criteria still applied and provided crucial guidance on the factors governing such applications, including the strength of claims and the practicability of opt-in versus opt