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A person who drives on a UAE road without a driving licence, or with a licence that does not cover the type of vehicle he is driving, commits a criminal offence rather than a routine traffic violation. On a first offence, the court may impose imprisonment of up to three months and a fine of between AED 5,000 and AED 50,000, or either penalty alone. On a repeat offence, imprisonment is for not less than three months and the fine rises to between AED 20,000 and AED 100,000, again with the court able to impose either penalty alone. These penalties are set out in Article 37 of Federal Decree-Law No. (14) of 2024 on the Regulation of Traffic (the “Traffic Law”).

When a debt remains unpaid, a creditor may worry that the debtor will transfer money, sell property, move assets outside the UAE, or otherwise make recovery difficult.

The UAE's international arbitration framework continues to evolve with significant legal reforms and institutional developments. This comprehensive analysis examines the dual onshore/offshore legal system, recent legislative changes including the new Civil Transactions Law and DIFC Courts Law, and critical procedural aspects from tribunal constitution to award enforcement. Understanding these developments is essential for practitioners navigating arbitration in one of the Middle East's most dynamic legal ju