European Union: Personal Injury

At the heart of this year's legal discourse was the critical question: do requests from authorities override legal privilege, or do such actions infringe upon fundamental human rights...

On September 24, 2024, the Criminal Division of the Cour de Cassation ("Court of Cassation") issued a noteworthy ruling on the enforceability of attorney-client privilege in the event...

International Arbitration Comparative Guide for the jurisdiction of Italy, check out our comparative guides section to compare across multiple countries

An order for security for costs serves as a procedural safeguard, ensuring that a claimant can cover the respondent's legal costs should the claim be unsuccessful.

As of January 2025, Poland's two leading arbitration institutions – Sąd Arbitrażowy przy Konfederacji Lewiatan/Lewiatan Court of Arbitration and Sąd Arbitrażowy przy Krajowej Izbie Gospodarczej...

In July 2023, the UN Commission on International Trade Law ("UNCITRAL") adopted a Code of Conduct for Arbitrators in International Investment Dispute Resolution (the "Code").

The President of the High Court has issued two new practice directions (HC131 and HC 132) (the "Directions") to apply to clinical negligence claims. They will come into force on 28 April 2025.

Practice Direction HC131 commencing on 28 April provides a new procedure for the application for trial dates in clinical negligence actions.

The President of the High Court has issued two new Practice Directions, both of which come into effect on 28 April 2025.

On 14 December 2010, the European Commission adopted a proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters (the "Proposal").

The Commission has published a legislative proposal to allow it to deal more rapidly with cartel cases. The proposal would enable cartel defendants to enter into settlement discussions with the Commission in exchange for earlier certainty about the level of fines and a yet unspecified reduction in the fines; defendants would admit to their illegal cartel activities and accept liability.

The Finnish Data Ombudsman ruled in November that employers can not use information on their current employees or prospective hires which is obtained by using Internet search engines, such as Google or Yahoo. Employers must collect employee’s personal information primarily from the employee; use of other sources assumes consent from the employee.