Article
MASS Code Takes Effect July 1, 2026
The International Maritime Organization has adopted a groundbreaking regulatory framework for autonomous shipping that will reshape maritime operations. This analysis examines the four-tiered MASS Code system, from automated decision-support to fully autonomous vessels, and explores how Canada's existing oversight policies may inform future adoption. Critical questions remain about liability allocation, insurance coverage, and the applicability of traditional maritime law when human decision-makers are remo
Gardiner Roberts LLP