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India’s enactment of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (“DPDP Act”) marks a decisive shift toward a modern data protection regime anchored in accountability, consent, and enforcement. While the statute is primarily directed at “data fiduciaries,” its implications extend well beyond operational compliance. At the boardroom level, the Act has triggered a reassessment of governance responsibilities, risk allocation, and critically Directors and Officers (“D&O”) insurance.

India’s Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) regime has witnessed significant regulatory evolution in recent years, driven by the need to enhance governance standards, strengthen investor protection, and align with global best practices.

Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 (“NI Act”) was introduced to enhance the credibility of cheque-based transactions and ensure financial discipline in commercial dealings by criminalising the dishonour of cheques issued towards the discharge of legally enforceable debts.