Turkey: Corporate/Commercial Law

This article considers the principal legal issues affecting foreign buyers and sellers of Turkish real estate. It examines acquisition eligibility, title and encumbrance checks, security restrictions, undeveloped land, formal transfer requirements, off-plan purchases, taxes and powers of attorney. The discussion also distinguishes ownership from residence permission and citizenship eligibility, and considers the Court of Cassation authorities cited in the text. The analysis treats due diligence as an assessment of the proposed buyer, the property and its intended use. Its purpose is to connect the commercial expectations of the transaction with the ownership, use and exit position supported by the documents.

6102 sayılı Türk Ticaret Kanunu (TTK), sermaye piyasalarında ve şirketler topluluğu bünyesinde şeffaflığı sağlamak, sermaye ve yönetim üzerindeki hâkimiyet yapısını aleni kılmak amacıyla özel bildirim mekanizmaları geliştirmiştir. Bu mekanizmaların temel taşlarından birini teşkil eden TTK m. 198, bir sermaye şirketinin sermayesindeki veya oy haklarındaki belirli oranlardaki pay iktisaplarının ya da elden çıkarmalarının hem ilgili şirkete hem de kamuya açıklanmasını hedeflemektedir.

The Turkish Commercial Code No. 6102 (TCC) has developed specialized notification mechanisms aimed at ensuring transparency across capital markets and corporate groups, as well as making the control and ownership structures over equity and management publicly visible. Serving as a cornerstone of these mechanisms, Article 198 of the TCC mandates that the acquisition or disposal of shares exceeding or falling below certain thresholds in the capital or voting rights of a capital company must be disclosed both to the target company and to the public.

Turkey has introduced new regulations requiring employers using hybrid work arrangements to explicitly document remote and in-office schedules in employment contracts. The amendment to the Regulation on Remote Working mandates that specific working days and hours for both workplace and remote locations must be clearly outlined in written agreements. Employers currently operating hybrid models are advised to review and update their employment contracts to ensure compliance with these new requirements.

This article examines the permit and compliance framework for short-term tourism rentals of residential property in Turkey. It considers the scope of the rental regime, the eligible permit holder, apartment-owner consent, property standards, management arrangements, guest registration, sanctions and changes of ownership.

Turkish Commercial Code No. 6102 (the “TCC” or the “Code”) establishes a fault-based liability regime for members of the board of directors. Pursuant to Article 553(1) of the TCC, board members who culpably breach their obligations arising from the law or the articles of association are liable for the resulting loss or damage caused to the company, its shareholders, and its creditors.

Foreign investors seeking Turkish citizenship through investment funds can qualify by purchasing at least USD 500,000 in participation units of eligible Real Estate or Venture Capital Investment Funds and maintaining the investment for three years. This route offers professionally managed exposure to Turkish real estate or venture investments while satisfying citizenship requirements, with returns dependent on fund performance and portfolio strategy.

Venture capital financing remains one of the most common funding routes for early-stage companies with strong growth potential but with limited access to financing. Despite inflation and a challenging macroeconomic environment, Türkiye's venture capital market continues to evolve. Based on the publicly available information, the number of VC transactions rose from 331 in 2024 to 360 in 2025, a sign that the market remains active.

Türkiye'de girişim sermayesi yatırımlarında kullanılan mutabakat metinlerinin (term sheet) detaylı incelemesi, kurucuların bu kritik belgelerde nelere dikkat etmesi gerektiğini ve hangi maddelerin şirket geleceğini nasıl şekillendireceğini açıklıyor. Yatırım sürecinin ilk adımı olan bu belgeler, kurucular ve yatırımcılar arasındaki ilişkinin temelini oluşturuyor.

With its decision No. 57/1708 dated 17.09.2026, the Capital Markets Board (the “CMB”) set out the liquidation procedures for the 131 investment funds established by Tera, A1 Capital, Atlas, Bulls, Hedef, Pardus and Pusula Portföy Yönetimi, whose liquidation had been ordered under its previous decision, and updated the relevant list of funds in the same decision.

27 Haziran 2026 tarihli ve 33293 sayılı Resmî Gazete’de yayımlanan Yenilenmiş Ürünler Hakkında Yönetmelik (“Yönetmelik”), 1 Ağustos 2026 tarihinde yürürlüğe girmiştir.

The Regulation on Refurbished Products (“Regulation”), published in the Official Gazette dated 27 June 2026 and numbered 33293, entered into force on 1 August 2026. The Regulation repealed the Regulation on the Sale of Refurbished Products, which had constituted the main regulatory framework for the refurbished products market since 22 August 2020, and substantially reorganized the system governing the refurbishment, certification and sale of refurbished products.