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The European Commission has adopted its first comprehensive Guidelines on exclusionary abuses of dominance under Article 102 TFEU, marking a significant evolution in EU competition law enforcement. Following a three-year consultation process, these Guidelines codify evolving case law while addressing concerns about enforcement thresholds and introducing notable changes including the reintroduction of a 40% market share benchmark, refined evidentiary presumptions, and expanded guidance on digital markets and

Belgian employers approaching the 50- or 100-worker threshold face a critical decision point: the 2028 social elections may seem distant, but the reference period for calculating workforce averages has already begun. Every hiring and departure between October 2026 and September 2027 directly impacts whether your company must organize mandatory employee representative elections. Understanding these calculations and their strategic implications is essential for workforce planning in the coming months.

A Belgian Constitutional Court has referred critical questions to the Court of Justice of the European Union regarding the validity of the Undertaxed Profits Rule (UTPR) under the EU Pillar Two Directive.