European Union: Technology

Cybersäkerhetslagen har nu varit i kraft i drygt åtta månader. Föreskriftsarbetet fortsätter, de första tillsynsärendena har inletts och från den 1 oktober 2026...

In guidance published on 2 October 2026, the French Data Protection Authority (CNIL) clarifies an important point: a personal data breach does not automatically entitle affected individuals to compensation.

On 17 April 2026, the Italian Data Protection Authority ( Garante per la protezione dei dati personali ) (“ Italian DPA ”) adopted the “ Guidelines on the Use of Tracking Pixel in email Communications ” ( doc. web n. 10241943 ), which set out the applicable legal framework, transparency obligations and conditions for obtaining consent for all entities using tracking pixels.

Luxembourg's financial regulator has issued its first guidance on tokenisation, clarifying how investment funds can issue native digital units using distributed ledger technology while navigating the complex interplay of securities law, fund administration requirements, and digital resilience obligations. The FAQ addresses critical operational questions around registrar functions, control agent appointments, and hybrid token structures that market participants must resolve before launching DLT-based fund pr

The European Central Bank's launch of Pontes and ESMA's analysis of tokenised equities signal a major infrastructure shift in EU financial services, yet Irish company and funds law has not kept pace with these developments. This creates particular challenges for legal title and shareholder registers in tokenised funds. The article explores these key developments and their implications for Ireland's fund management sector.

Luxembourg's financial regulator CSSF has published its first FAQ on tokenisation of investment funds, addressing how traditional asset classes can be issued in tokenised form on distributed ledger technology. The guidance clarifies regulatory requirements for UCIs, administrators, and control agents while maintaining a technologically neutral approach that evaluates risks based on how the technology is used rather than the technology itself.

Implementing artificial intelligence in an organisation does not begin with choosing a tool, but with answering the question of who we are in the AI value chain and what we are responsible for.

The European Advertising Standards Alliance's 2025 report reveals significant trends in advertising complaints across 26 European countries, with online advertising accounting for nearly half of all cases. As AI-generated content and cross-border campaigns reshape the advertising landscape, the report examines how European cooperation and self-regulatory frameworks are evolving to address emerging challenges in digital marketing and influencer transparency.

The latest edition of The Legal Industry Reviews: Cyprus is now available, bringing together perspectives on the legal and commercial developments reshaping the business landscape in Cyprus.