ARTICLE
18 June 2026

Release Of Detained Consignment Under Section 129 – Adjudication Of Ownership Is Not Relevant

LS
Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan

Contributor

Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan (LKS) is a premier full-service Indian law firm specializing in areas such as corporate & M&A/PE, dispute resolution, taxation and intellectual property. The firm, through its 14 offices across India works closely on litigation and commercial law matters, advising and representing clients both in India and abroad.
The Calcutta High Court has ruled on a critical procedural question in GST law: when goods are detained under Section 129 of the CGST Act, must authorities first determine who owns the goods before ordering their release? The Department had challenged the ownership, quality, and authenticity of tax documents for a detained consignment, raising questions about the scope of adjudication required at this stage.
India Tax
Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan are most popular:
  • within Transport and Corporate/Commercial Law topic(s)
  • with Finance and Tax Executives
  • in India
  • with readers working within the Accounting & Consultancy and Law Firm industries

The Calcutta High Court has held that adjudication on ownership of goods is of no relevance in a case where the petition was filed for release of detained consignment in terms of Section 129 of the CGST Act, 2017. The Department had disputed ownership, quality and quantity of the subject goods and objected the authenticity and veracity of tax invoices and e-way bills. 

On meaningful and harmonious reading of Section 129, the Court held that the legislative intent was not to create any charge or lien over the goods against the demand. It was observed that if during adjudication of demand it is found that the assessee is not the owner of the goods or the challenge fails, the ultimate demand will stand and will be crystallized. 

The High Court here in Ranjeet Kumar Poddar v. Assistant Commissioner also observed that if the levy is not paid, which is otherwise crystalized and determined by the Department in accordance with law, then the recovery proceeding is prescribed under the statute. 

Directing release of the consignment according to Section 129(1)(a), the Court also noted that no contrary material was produced in the SCN or in the order of demand, and that the goods were perishable in nature. Section 129 provides different levels of penalty for owners and others. 

The content of this article is intended to provide a general guide to the subject matter. Specialist advice should be sought about your specific circumstances.

[View Source]
See More Popular Content From

Mondaq uses cookies on this website. By using our website you agree to our use of cookies as set out in our Privacy Policy.

Learn More