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The Court of Justice of the European Union has delivered its first definitive interpretation of the "pastiche" exception in EU copyright law, establishing that sampling and other creative borrowing can qualify as fair use when they engage in recognizable artistic dialogue with source material. This landmark ruling in the decades-long Kraftwerk sampling dispute charts a middle course between overly narrow and catch-all approaches, requiring that borrowed elements be used openly and recognizably rather than c

The European Union has adopted its 20th sanctions package against Russia, marking the first-ever activation of the EU's anti-circumvention tool and introducing comprehensive measures across Russia's energy sector, military-industrial complex, and financial system. This unprecedented package includes 120 new asset-freeze and travel-ban listings, restrictions on LNG terminal services, shadow-fleet vessel designations, and enhanced legal protections for EU operators facing retaliatory proceedings.

The EU Foreign Subsidies Regulation introduces new regulatory scrutiny for non-EU companies investing in Europe, with particular implications for Middle Eastern state-linked entities and sovereign wealth funds. The first major FSR merger investigation involving UAE-based e& and PPF Telecom reveals how the Commission applies this regime to government-backed investors from the Gulf region.