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Senate Bill S4876, the "New Jersey Energy Security and Affordability Act,"was introduced on November 17, 2025, by Senators Bob Smith and John Burzichelli. The bill establishes a comprehensive regulatory structure designed to support the development of advanced nuclear generation, expand distributed energy storage, and implement statewide demand-reduction programs. The bill cites rising electricity demand – driven in part by data centers – and the decline of in-state nuclear capacity following recent plant closures as foundational reasons for legislative action.
Advanced Nuclear Reactors and Qualified Projects
Central to the legislation is its framework for facilitating the construction of a new advanced nuclear facility in New Jersey. It defines key terms, such as "advanced nuclear reactor," referring to next-generation technologies with specific design characteristics, and "qualified project," which means a nuclear facility approved by the Board of Public Utilities (BPU) capable of generating at least 1,100 megawatts. These definitions frame which projects may participate in the bill's incentives and regulatory processes. The BPU must issue a solicitation for expressions of interest within 270 days of enactment, inviting proposals from developers of qualifying nuclear projects. The BPU is then responsible for evaluating submissions based on factors including costs, economic and system impacts, feasibility, and ratepayer effects. Through a two-step approval process – provisional qualification followed by a final designation – the BPU may authorize one or more nuclear projects to move forward.
Advanced Nuclear Development Charge
Once a project is designated, the bill authorizes financial support through a non-bypassable Advanced Nuclear Development Charge (ANDC) imposed on all electric utility customers. This charge may fund up to five percent of construction costs, with the BPU required to release funds only as construction milestones are met. The legislation also allows the BPU to negotiate limited risk-sharing for cost overruns up to 20 percent above the approved budget, although larger overruns would not qualify for recovery through the ANDC. In addition, the bill creates an Advanced Nuclear Energy Certificate (ANEC) program that obligates electricity suppliers to purchase certificates representing advanced nuclear generation in proportion to their retail load. Revenues from the sale of nuclear output into regional wholesale markets must be credited back to ratepayers, except in specific circumstances involving co-located loads.
CAFRA Amendments
The bill includes detailed amendments to the Coastal Area Facilities Review Act (CAFRA) that establish the conditions under which a nuclear facility may be constructed in coastal zones. Under these amendments, a nuclear facility may obtain a CAFRA permit only if the applicant demonstrates that it will store radioactive waste in accordance with U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission standards. The application must also identify measures for wildlife protection and for engagement with affected communities. These requirements do not guarantee approval of a coastal nuclear project, but they provide a defined regulatory pathway tailored to nuclear development – something CAFRA did not previously offer. As a result, the legislation creates the procedural structure necessary for evaluating a new nuclear plant within New Jersey's coastal permitting regime.
Energy Storage and Peak-Demand Reduction
Beyond nuclear generation, the bill directs the BPU to establish statewide programs to achieve 500 megawatts of distributed energy storage and 500 megawatts of peak-demand reduction by 2030. Utilities must submit implementation plans, deploy aggregated distributed energy resources such as batteries and electric vehicles, and meet annual reporting requirements. Cost recovery may be denied if utilities fail to achieve required performance levels. The bill also authorizes expansion of existing utility charges, including through the societal benefits charge, to support storage initiatives. The act takes effect immediately upon enactment, with multiple deadlines governing program creation, solicitations, and rulemaking.
Path Forward
If enacted as written, the bill would create a detailed procedural and financial framework to support the construction of an advanced nuclear power plant in New Jersey. By authorizing customer-funded development charges, establishing a nuclear generation-specific certificate market, and modifying CAFRA to specify conditions for coastal siting, the legislation provides regulatory mechanisms necessary for a large nuclear project to advance through planning, permitting, and financing. The combined impact of nuclear development, new storage mandates, and demand-reduction programs could reshape the state's resource mix and alter long-term infrastructure planning. However, actual outcomes – including whether a nuclear project is built, the extent of customer cost exposure, and effects on system reliability – would depend on BPU implementation, developer proposals, federal regulatory approvals, cost performance, and market conditions.
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