On July 16, 2020, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC or the "Commission") dismissed the petition for declaratory order ("Petition") filed by the New England Ratepayers Association (NERA) asking FERC to assert jurisdiction over net metering, on the theory that net metering constitutes a sale for resale under the Federal Power Act (FPA). We summarized the Petition here.
The Petition caused considerable concern when it was filed at FERC in the spring, eventually spawning thousands of pages of comments—the vast majority of which supported the current state-regulated net metering regime. FERC acted very quickly on the Petition, issuing its order only two weeks after the June 30 deadline for reply comments.
FERC's 19-page order does not address the merits of the Petition, and dedicates only three paragraphs to substantive issues. The Commission notes that declaratory orders are discretionary, and are intended to "terminate a controversy or remove uncertainty."1 Moreover, FERC issues declaratory orders to address "specific facts and circumstances" rather than generic allegations of harm such as those made in the NERA Petition.2 The Commission points out that the MidAmerican3 and Sun Edison4 decisions that NERA sought to overturn both addressed specific net metering programs and specific parties. FERC also notes that, to the extent NERA was alleging that a particular state's net metering program violates the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 (PURPA), the Petition does not meet the standards for enforcement under PURPA.5
Though unquestionably a relief for the small-scale solar
industry, FERC's order is unlikely to be the end of the story.
NERA is a sophisticated and well-funded litigant that is likely to
request rehearing of FERC's order. Such litigation is likely to
proceed at an accelerated pace, as FERC is no longer free to
indefinitely toll the period in which it must respond to a
rehearing request.6 If rehearing is denied (as would be
likely), NERA has the resources to seek subsequent appellate
review. However, FERC's order provides only limited grounds for
appeal as the dismissal is grounded in the discretionary nature of
declaratory orders.
NERA may also go seeking "specific facts and
circumstances" to bring before the Commission. Two Republican
commissioners, Bernard McNamee and James Danly, wrote separate
concurrences, both of which highlight the procedural and
non-substantive nature of the Commission's order. McNamee's
concurrence, in particular, seems to invite parties to file a FPA
Section 206 complaint to bring a specific net metering case before
the Commission for consideration. Danly's concurrence is more
measured, but expresses concern that, if the merits of the issue
are not addressed by the Commission in the near future, then the
federal district courts may be asked to address the issue,
resulting in inconsistent treatment of net metering in different
regions.
Footnotes
1. Order at P 35.
2. Id. P 36 (internal quotation marks omitted).
3. MidAmerican Energy Co., 94 FERC ¶ 61,340 (2001).
4. Sun Edison LLC, 129 FERC ¶ 61,146 (2009).
5. Order at P 37 (citing 16 U.S.C. §?824a-3(h)(2)(B) (2012)).
6. See Allegheny Defense Project v. FERC, No. 17-1098 (D.C. Cir. June 30, 2020). We discussed the implications of Allegheny Defense here.
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