Cooling has become a vital component in modern society for coping with heat, maintaining quality of life, and ensuring the safe storage and transportation of goods. According to estimates by the International Energy Agency (IEA), global demand for space cooling in buildings has more than tripled since 2000 and is expected to maintain high growth over the next 30 years. Accelerated urbanisation, more frequent extreme weather events, and rising living standards have made cooling one of the fastest-growing energy consumption sectors in emerging economies. Especially under the impact of global warming, cooling is no longer merely a 'comfort' service — it now serves critical social functions related to health, food security, and climate resilience.
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