North Macedonia
Answer ... Court decisions are passed in the form of judgments and in the form of resolutions. By way of judgment, the court will decide on the merits of the case. By way of resolution, the court will decide on a procedural issue that is not directly related to the merits of the case.
Depending on the claim in the lawsuit, the court may pass a declaratory, constitutive or condemnatory judgment.
Depending on whether the court decides on all claims or only some of them, the following judgments may be passed: partial judgment, supplementary judgment and inter-judgment.
The court can also adopt a summary judgment based on the explicit or conclusive procedural actions of the parties. Thus, the court may pass a judgment due to:
- the defendant’s non-submission of a response to the lawsuit;
- the defendant’s absence;
- the plaintiff’s cancellation of the claim; or
- the defendant’s confession.
The court may also pass a judgment without holding a hearing where the defendant, in its response to the lawsuit, admits the decisive facts, but not the claim itself.
Furthermore, where the plaintiff’s claim is based on trustee deeds (eg, invoices, certified agreements – see question 4.4), the court may issue a payment order obliging the defendant to pay the plaintiff the amount of the lawsuit claim.