Argentina, together with Brazil and Mexico, are Latin America's three largest economies representing more than 80 percent of the region's manufacturing output. In addition, Argentina has proven to be a favorable venue for foreign companies seeking to license their technology or intellectual property rights (IPRs).
What makes Argentina attractive for licensing and IPR?
- No specific form of license agreement or structure is required; the parties are free to structure a license agreement as it best fits their particular business needs. The only potential limitation one may encounter in Argentina is under is the Argentine public order whereby certain licensing provisions are deemed to be unenforceable under the law even if both parties agree to them contractually (for example, exclusive patent grant back clauses are not allowed under the Argentine Patent Law).
- No prior governmental approval is needed (even between related companies).
- The market is well-developed for transferring technology and licensing IPRs.
- Argentine courts understand cases involving technology and IPRs. Argentine courts will also grant preliminary injunctions if and when appropriate.
- Argentina's Transfer of Technology Law No. 22,426 (TTL) provides tax benefits to both the licensee and licensor for registering transfer of technology agreements or IPRs with the Argentine Trademark Office.
The TTL's main objectives are to: (i) foster the effective transfer of technology to local companies; (ii) provide information as to the flow of technology and the successful development of local industries; and (iii) govern the transfer, assignment, or license of technology and trademarks, patents, industrial designs and know-how, from a foreign company to a local company. The term "technology" is broadly defined to encompass any technical knowledge applied to the manufacturing of goods or rendering of services (see Regulatory Decree 580/81).
Registering these license agreements with the Argentine Trademark Office is voluntary and serves only to inform the Argentine government of the flow of technology to local companies. It is important to note that registration does not affect the enforceability of the license agreement. However, licensor/licensees that elect to register with the Argentine Trademark Office can take advantage of certain tax benefits if the local company makes payments to the foreign company, as described below.
Tax Benefits of Registration
Argentine Income Tax Law 20,628 governs payments made from a licensee to a foreign licensor pursuant to technology licenses or IPRs. These payments qualify as Argentine source income and are subject to the general withholding tax rate of 31.5%. But if the pertinent license agreement is registered with the Trademark Office, the withholding tax rate may be reduced as follows:
- 21% – for technology which is considered not to be available in Argentina; or
- 28% – for license of trademarks/patents/technology available in Argentina;
- 28% – for technology which is considered not to be available in Argentina but payment is made via royalties.
- The tax rate may be further reduced (usually to 10%) if there is a treaty, addressing double taxation, between the foreign licensor's country and Argentina. While Argentina and the U.S. do not currently have such a treaty, countries that do include Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Spain, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, Deutschland and United Kingdom.
Registration also enables the licensee to deduct the royalty payments made to the licensor as a business expense. Because of the tax benefits and generally favorable licensing conditions, Argentina has experienced, and continues to experience, an increased flow of technology rights. For more information on cross-border licensing issues, please see the materials from Foley's webinar on this topic.
The content of this article is intended to provide a general guide to the subject matter. Specialist advice should be sought about your specific circumstances.