On September 23, the European Data Protection Supervisor ("EDPS") issued Opinion 8/2016 on the enforcement of fundamental rights in the age of big data, which updated the 2014 Preliminary Opinion on Privacy and Competitiveness in the Age of Big Data. The updated opinion provides EU institutions with practical recommendations on how to apply the EU's objectives and standards more holistically. The Opinion addresses how concentration in digital markets might harm the interests of individuals as data subjects and consumers.
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