Business Law and Corporate Law

In the modern digital age, digital signatures play a crucial role in securing online transactions and ensuring the authenticity of digital documents. They provide a secure and efficient method of validating identity and protecting data integrity. However, it is important to understand that not all digital signatures hold legal validity. The enforceability of a digital signature in a court of law depends on several factors, including the technology used and the compliance with relevant laws and regulations.

In the context of international arbitration, the issue of currency conversion assumes particular significance when an arbitral award rendered in a foreign currency is sought to be enforced in a jurisdiction whose domestic currency differs from that of the award.

The Bombay High Court in Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited v. Swiber Offshore Construction Pte Limited , held that post-award interim protection under Section 9 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, though maintainable at the instance of an unsuccessful party, cannot be granted as a matter of routine. An adverse award raises the threshold to exceptional and compelling circumstances beyond the ordinary prima facie case, balance of convenience and irreparable injury test.

i) How Indian law treats drag-along clauses under section 58(2) ii)What separates a valid exit tool from an unfair transfer iii) The terms that keep one enforceable.

Most foreign companies spend months deciding how to enter India, i.e., whether to set up a subsidiary, form a joint venture with a local partner or open a branch. Far fewer spend the same effort on what happens once the entity exists. Yet it is usually after entry, when the business is running and the relationships are tested, that the gap between what an investor expected and what Indian law actually gives it becomes visible.

The real question is not simply what happens to the shareholders’ agreement on the day of listing, but how an IPO-bound company should handle the rights negotiated with founders and investors throughout its journey.

The Securities and Exchange Board of India (“SEBI”), by circular dated 20.08.2026 (“FPI Circular”), has notified the acceptance of digitally signed power of attorney (“POA”) by foreign portfolio investors (“FPI”) and has accordingly amended the Master Circular for Foreign Portfolio Investors, Designated Depository Participants and Eligible Foreign Investors (“FPI Master Circular”).

Thailand’s Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has introduced a regulatory framework permitting the establishment and management of cryptocurrency exchange-traded funds (crypto ETFs) in Thailand. Effective October 16, 2026, the framework establishes requirements for spot-trade crypto ETFs, listing on the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET), delegated digital asset investment management, and digital asset custody arrangements, while restricting margin loan trading and limiting retail access to foreign crypto ETFs.

An offer document must present a true, adequate and coherent account of the issuer, not conflicting versions of the same facts across its chapters.

Trademarks serve as the legal foundation of franchise systems, yet Myanmar lacks specific franchise legislation. Understanding how trademark licensing works under the Trademark Law 2019 is essential for foreign brands seeking to protect their intellectual property and establish successful franchise operations in Myanmar's evolving market.

Thailand's franchise sector operates without dedicated franchise legislation, relying instead on scattered general laws and administrative guidance from the Trade Competition Commission of Thailand. Recent TCCT decisions have established practical frameworks governing post-contract modifications, discriminatory treatment, forced purchasing arrangements, territorial encroachment...

By the time the evaluation is done, the remaining task is to commit well: to take advice that is substantive rather than a formality, to ask for clarification even where negotiation is unlikely, and to carry the disciplines of due diligence into the operation of the business. None of it removes risk, but together these change the character of the risk you accept.