Business Law and Corporate Law

On 26 February 2026, Directive (EU) 2026/470 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 February 2026, also known as the Omnibus I Directive...

To benefit, the IP owner must also meet the nexus requirement — i.e., the IP income must come from its own R&D activities (or outsourced to unrelated parties) that created the IP.

In practical terms, if your franchise model relies on the franchisee using the franchisor's proprietary software, operating system, or tech tools that were developed in-house, the portion of franchise income attributable to that IP could fall under the Cyprus IP Box

The limited liability company (GmbH) is one of the most popular legal forms in Germany due to the limited liability of its shareholders. It is in the nature of a GmbH to limit the liability of its shareholders to the company’s assets (liability privilege).

Fostering healthy and competitive markets is a key objective of the European Union. And one set of regulations has served as the cornerstone...

In the field of professional services, clients often assume that the communications they have with their accountants, auditors, or corporate service providers...

The Central Bank of Ireland has published findings from its thematic assessment of compliance functions within MiFID investment firms, revealing both strengths and critical gaps in how firms manage regulatory obligations. The assessment examined firms' adherence to compliance requirements, monitoring processes, and board reporting practices, identifying specific areas where improvements are urgently needed. Firms are now expected to conduct self-assessments and address identified deficiencies promptly.

European financial regulators are advancing major reforms across sustainable finance disclosure, investment firm risk management, and ESG ratings oversight. From stricter sustainability reporting requirements under SFDR 2.0 to streamlined fund reporting frameworks and new endorsement rules for third-country ESG ratings, these developments signal a significant shift in regulatory expectations for asset managers, investment firms, and rating providers operating in EU markets.

The European Securities and Markets Authority has published draft regulatory technical standards recalibrating the clearing thresholds under EMIR 3, fundamentally shifting the framework from a distinction between OTC...

Legislative Decree No. 47 of March 27, 2026 fundamentally restructures Italian corporate governance by placing all three governance models on equal footing, expanding board-level duties...

Castrén & Snellman's Private Equity and Venture Capital team has prepared Series Seed 4.0, a comprehensive update to Finland's standard seed financing documentation suite. The new version introduces significant structural improvements including a three-tier leaver classification system, enhanced liability frameworks, and sanctions compliance provisions that align Finnish venture capital practice with international standards.

A crisis at the cash-pool leader does not automatically make cash pooling impermissible. It does, however, materially intensify the review, monitoring and documentation duties of managing directors at the level of each participating company. The key issues are recoverability of the repayment claim, practical access to pooled funds and protection of the company’s own minimum liquidity.