ARTICLE
30 July 2019

Your Chance to Win: Promotions Law in the Digital Age

FK
Frankfurt Kurnit Klein & Selz

Contributor

Frankfurt Kurnit provides high quality legal services to clients in many industries and disciplines worldwide. With leading practices in entertainment, advertising, IP, technology, litigation, corporate, estate planning, charitable organizations, professional responsibility and other areas — Frankfurt Kurnit helps clients face challenging legal issues and meet their goals with efficient solutions.
Sweepstakes and contests are governed by a variety of state and federal laws, such as lottery, prize notification and registration laws, as well as laws regulating how sweepstakes and contests are advertised.
United States Advertising and Marketing
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Regulatory Framework

Sweepstakes and contests are governed by a variety of state and federal laws, such as lottery, prize notification and registration laws, as well as laws regulating how sweepstakes and contests are advertised.

The Basics: Sweepstakes vs. Contests

  • A sweepstakes is a game where the outcome is determined by chance and the participants cannot be required to expend money or provide any other consideration.
  • A contest is a game where the outcome is determined by skill and the most skilled participant will be the winner. Definition varies by state.

Why does it matter?

  • Need to avoid creating a lottery: prize, consideration and chance
  • Only the state can run a lottery
  • Sweepstakes omit element of consideration or provide AMOE
  • Contests omit element of chance

Sweepstakes – Eliminating Consideration

  • Consideration can be purchase or payment; substantial effort; or something of value
  • What is not consideration (typically): mailing in an entry form; completing a simple survey; referring a limited number of friends
  • What is or could be: text messaging charges; providing extensive personal information; providing extensive UGC

Contests – Eliminating Chance

  • Skill must determine the winner
  • Tie-breaker should not be determined by chance
  • Must establish criteria for determining the winner
  • Judges must be qualified

Sweepstakes and Contests Using Social Media

Sweeps: Do Social Media Entry Requirements = Consideration?

  • Must have an account on Twitter/Facebook
  • Follow the sponsor on Twitter/”Like” sponsor on Facebook
  • Re-tweet to enter
  • Subscribe to a sponsor’s blog
  • Blog about the sweepstakes or contest
  • Post the sweepstakes or contest to your own blog
  • Join sponsor’s community
  • Answer/comment on an issue in sponsor’s community
  • Write a product review
  • Forward to a friend on Facebook

A cautionary note on reviews…

Contests: Public Voting

  • Does public voting introduce an element of chance in a contest?
  • Concerns with public voting:
    • Absence of clearly defined judging criteria
    • If you have criteria, will public follow them?
    • Are the public qualified to judge?
    • Is the process fair?

Ways to Mitigate Risk When Using Public Voting

  • Post clear voting terms.
  • Limit voting to one vote per person to avoid the contest becoming a popularity contest.
  • Only implement public voting in cases where the public can legitimately judge entries (e.g., cutest pet, best photo). Maybe combine with judging.
  • Have a mechanism in place on the backend to screen for individuals using bots or other automated means to vote.

Other Challenges for Social Media Platforms

  • You must comply with a social media platform’s own guidelines
  • Limited character count/space to comply with disclosure requirements
  • Difficult to ensure that the promotion reaches its intended audience since it is instantly accessible by the world
  • UGC Risks

Facebook Guidelines: Entry on Facebook

  • Must be administered within Apps on Facebook.com, either on a Canvas Page or an app on a Page Tab. (i.e., cannot require a user update her status or post on your wall to be entered)
  • You can require entrants to Like your page to enter, but you can’t enter people automatically by Liking your page
  • You can’t notify winners through Facebook
  • Facebook must be released in the rules
  • Must include a clear disclosure stating that:
    • the promotion is no way sponsored, endorsed or administered by Facebook.
    • any information provided by entrant is being provided to Sponsor and not to Facebook and if entrant has any questions she should contact Sponsor and not Facebook

YouTube Contest Platform Terms and Conditions

  • Cannot require a purchase to enter
  • Must be only open to 18+
  • Ownership of videos must be retained by the entrants
  • Must include a privacy notice in the rules
  • Must post a notice stating that YouTube is not a sponsor of the Contest and has no responsibility or liability regarding the conduct or administration of the Contest

Disclosure Requirements in Social Media

  • Most critical disclosures:
    • No purchase necessary
    • Age of Eligibility (e.g., 18 or older)
    • Link to the rules
  • A user should not be required to click on a link to see the disclosures
  • Facebook: The disclosures do not necessarily need to appear in the top line of status update, but can be included in the body copy of the status.
  • Twitter:
      NoPurNec 18+ Rules@[tinyURL]
    • If entry deadline is not in body of Tweet, you should add it
    • Disclosures can appear in a Tweet immediately following the call-to-action Tweet (i.e., 1 of 2, 2 of 2)

Contests & User-Generated Content (UGC)

  • Copyright Infringement
  • Right of Publicity / Privacy
  • Defamation
  • False Advertising / Unfair competition
  • Trademark Infringement
  • Other Tort Liability
  • Idea Misappropriation
  • SAG / AFTRA issues

Are you responsible when Contest entrants infringe upon rights?

Some Tips

  • Be smart about the subject matter of submissions you invite
    • BAD IDEA: “Create a five minute video in which you recreate a scene from your favorite Hollywood movie and upload it on our website.”
  • Implement screening
  • Have strong rules and follow them!
Take Note
This document is not intended to create an attorney-client relationship. You should not act or rely on any information in this document without first seeking legal advice. This material is intended for general information purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. If you have any specific questions on any legal matter, you should consult a professional legal services provider.

Contributor

Frankfurt Kurnit provides high quality legal services to clients in many industries and disciplines worldwide. With leading practices in entertainment, advertising, IP, technology, litigation, corporate, estate planning, charitable organizations, professional responsibility and other areas — Frankfurt Kurnit helps clients face challenging legal issues and meet their goals with efficient solutions.

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