COP26 is currently taking place in Glasgow, with delegates from around the world focused on the matter of climate change. The goals of COP26 are1:
- Secure global net zero by mid-century and keep 1.5 degrees within reach
- Adapt to protect communities and natural habitats
- Mobilise finance
- Work together to deliver
There are obviously a lot of challenges involved in tackling climate change, and it will take many different solutions to move forward with each of these goals. But it is clear that new innovations will be key to keeping 1.5 degrees within reach. These innovations will include novel materials which allow new technologies to emerge and become successful.
Along these lines, the Henry Royce Institute (the UK's National Institute for Advanced Materials Research and Innovation) and IOM3 (the Institute of Materials, Minerals & Mining) recently launched a joint report setting out 10 areas in which materials research can help a 'green industrial revolution' in the UK2. These 10 areas are:
- Offshore Wind
- Low Carbon Hydrogen
- New and Advanced Nuclear Power
- Zero Emissions Vehicles
- Green Public Transport, Cycling and Walking
- 'Jet Zero' & Green Ships
- Greener Buildings
- Carbon Capture, Usage & Storage
- Natural Environment
- Green Finance & Innovation
The potential for new materials to help prevent the worst outcomes from climate change across these 10 areas is vast. This includes new materials to increase the efficiency and lifetime of wind turbines, while also making the turbines more recyclable; new materials for the large-scale production and distribution of green hydrogen; and new materials to reduce the energy used in buildings, to name just a few.
One of these areas which lines up particularly well with COP26 is zero emissions vehicles, with speeding up the switch to electric vehicles being a focus of the summit. Electric vehicles include cars powered by large rechargeable batteries, and cars with fuel cells running on hydrogen fuel. Materials scientists are currently working on reducing the size and weight of batteries, improving efficiency and increasing storage capacity.
To get an overview of how commercial applications of these technologies are growing, we have looked at the number of patents which have been granted worldwide for fuel cells (patent classification H01M8) and rechargeable batteries (patent classification H01M10) which mention electric vehicles.
COP26 is currently taking place in Glasgow, with delegates from around the world focused on the matter of climate change. The goals of COP26 are1:
The number of patents for fuel cells which mention electric vehicles has almost doubled since 2010, but there are relatively few fuel cell patents mentioning electric vehicles compared to patents for rechargeable batteries. Rechargeable battery patents also show much greater growth, with the number of granted patents in this area increasing more than seven-fold since 2010. This shows that there is significant innovation occurring in the battery-powered electric vehicle market, and new battery materials will undoubtably play an important role in future electric car developments.
Of course, we have only looked at electric cars to get a snap-shot of materials innovation. As the world transitions to net zero, there will be huge changes in the way things are done, and exciting new technologies will drive a lot of those changes. Many of these new technologies will be underpinned by advanced materials, whether it is through improved properties, sustainable manufacture, or better recycling and disposal.
We look forward to working on some of these new materials and the new technologies and products they enable.
Footnotes
1 https://ukcop26.org/cop26-goals/
The content of this article is intended to provide a general guide to the subject matter. Specialist advice should be sought about your specific circumstances.
