Answer ... A party must raise an objection to the tribunal’s jurisdiction in a written submission at the latest with its statement of defence. If the party submits its objection at a later stage, the tribunal may still allow it, as long as it considers the delay in submitting the objection justified (Article 16(2)).

Answer ... Yes, the Arbitration Act expressly states that the tribunal may rule on its own jurisdiction. The tribunal is authorised to decide on its jurisdiction either as a preliminary question or in an award on the merits (Article 16(1)(3)).

Answer ... In an international arbitration seated in Macedonia, the party may apply to the Macedonian courts for a ruling on the tribunal’s jurisdiction, but only if the tribunal has already decided, as a preliminary matter, that it has jurisdiction. In that case, any party may request the competent court to decide on the matter within 30 days of being notified of this decision; the court’s decision is not subject to appeal (Article 16(3)).