Answer ... (a) Data processing
Any operation or set of operations which is performed on personal data or on sets of personal data, whether or not by automated means, such as collection, recording, organisation, structuring, storage, adaptation or alteration, retrieval, consultation, use, disclosure by transmission, dissemination or otherwise making available, alignment or combination, restriction, erasure or destruction (see Article 4(2) of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)).
(b) Data processor
A natural or legal person, public authority, agency or other body which processes personal data on behalf of the controller (see Article 4(8) of the GDPR). The term does not include employees of a data controller who process personal data in the course of their employment.
(c) Data controller
The natural or legal person, public authority, agency or other body which, alone or jointly with others, determines the purposes and means of the processing of personal data (see Article 4(7) of the GDPR).
(d) Data subject
Any identified or identifiable natural person to whom personal data relates. The GDPR and the Data Protection Act 2018 (DPA 2018) apply only to living persons who can be identified, directly or indirectly, in particular by reference to an identifier such as a name, an identification number, location data or an online identifier, or to one or more factors specific to the physical, physiological, genetic, mental, economic, cultural or social identity of the individual (see Article 4(1) of the GDPR).
(e) Personal data
Any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person (see Article 4(1) of the GDPR).
(f) Sensitive personal data
This term is replaced by the GDPR and DPA 2018 with the term ‘special categories of persona data’, which includes personal data revealing racial or ethnic origin, political opinions, religious or philosophical beliefs or trade union membership, genetic data, biometric data for the purposes of uniquely identifying a natural person, and data concerning health and data concerning a natural person’s sex life or sexual orientation (see Article 9(1) of the GDPR).
(g) Consent
Any freely given, specific, informed and unambiguous indication of the data subject’s wishes by which he or she, through a statement or by a clear affirmative action, signifies agreement to the processing of personal data relating to him or her (see Article 4(11) of the GDPR).
Overall, Section 2(2) of the DPA 2018 clarifies that every word or expression used in the DPA 2018 that is also used in the GDPR has the same meaning as it has in the GDPR, unless the context otherwise requires.