On April 16, 2018, the Department of Homeland Security ("DHS"), the Federal Bureau of Investigation ("FBI"), and the United Kingdom's National Cyber Security Centre issued a joint Technical Alert providing "information on the worldwide cyber exploitation of network infrastructure devices (e.g., router, switch, firewall, Network-based Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) devices) by Russian state-sponsored cyber actors." According to the Alert, this campaign to exploit network devices threatens national safety, security, and economic well-being, and the primary targets are government and private-sector organizations, critical infrastructure providers, and the internet service providers supporting those sectors.

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