As noted above, Congress recently passed the 2007 Small Business Act (the "SBA"). This new legislation, whose stated purpose is to reduce the burden on small businesses of an increase in the minimum wage, contains an assortment of tax relief and tax increase (revenue-raising) provisions. This discussion highlights the provisions of the SBA that will affect the most taxpayers.

Tax Relief Provisions:

  • Extend and liberalize the work opportunity tax credit. The credit is extended for 3.5 years with liberalized rules for hiring disabled veterans and workers in rural renewal counties.
  • Extend and enhance Section 179 small business expensing. The expensing limit is increased to $125,000 and the investment-based expensing phaseout is increased to $500,000, effective for tax years beginning after 2006, and the enhanced expensing provision is extended for another year (through 2010).
  • Extend and enhance certain Gulf Opportunity Zone (GO Zone) tax incentives. The small business expensing rules allowed for GO Zone businesses (i.e., $100,000 higher expensing limit and $600,000 higher phaseout point) are extended for one year (through 2008) for small businesses in the hardest hit area of the GO Zone. Similarly, the low-income housing credit rules for buildings in the GO Zones are extended and expanded, and the bond financing rules for repairs and reconstructions of residences in the GO Zones are modified.
  • Enhance the tip credit for certain small businesses. The federal minimum wage level for purposes of calculating the tip credit is frozen, thereby allowing restaurants to continue claiming the full tip credit despite an increase in the federal minimum wage.
  • Simplify family business tax. An unincorporated business that is jointly owned by a married couple in a common law state is permitted to file as a sole proprietorship (under prior law, assuming the married couple was not located in a community property state, both the married couple and the business were subject to penalties for failing to file as a partnership). The new law also ensures that both spouses receive credit for paying Social Security and Medicare taxes. This not only simplifies tax filing requirements but also, since both taxpayers are treated as having earned income, will not result in any reduction to contributions to qualified plans for either taxpayer. Those contributions increase the value of other deductions since they reduce taxable income.
  • Waive individual and corporate AMT limitations on work opportunity tax credits and tip credits. Prior law limited a small business’s ability to claim the work opportunity tax credit and the tip credit by imposing a limitation that such credits could not be used to offset taxes that would be imposed under the alternative minimum tax (AMT). The new law provides a permanent waiver of the individual and corporate AMT limitations for the work opportunity tax credit and the tip credit, meaning they are effective even against the dreaded AMT.
  • Liberalize several S corporation rules. The new law also contains several provisions beneficial to S corporations, including measures that:
  • Redefine "passive investment income" for purposes of S corporation revocation rules to exclude gains from the sale or exchange of stock or securities as an item of passive investment income.

  • Exclude restricted bank director stock from treatment as S corporation stock.

  • Set forth a special accounting rule for banks that become S corporations and that change from the reserve method of accounting for bad debts.

  • Revise the tax treatment of sales of stock of wholly owned subsidiaries of S corporations.

  • Eliminate pre-1983 earnings and profits arising during an S corporation year, regardless of whether the corporation was an S corporation in its first taxable year beginning after December 31, 1996.

  • Permit an electing small business trust (ESBT) to deduct interest expense it incurs when it borrows funds to purchase S corporation stock.

Tax Increase (revenue-raising) Provisions

  • Raise the kiddie tax age from under-18 to under-19 (under-24 if a student).
  • Extend, from 18 to 36 months, the period in which the IRS must notify a taxpayer of the taxpayer’s liability with respect to a tax return before the IRS must suspend the accrual of interest and penalties relating to that liability. In effect, this provides the government with an additional 18 months of interest and penalty before they are required to notify the taxpayer.
  • Eliminate the requirement that the IRS hold a collection due process hearing before issuing a levy on delinquent employment taxes.
  • Expand preparer penalties to all types of tax returns (e.g., employment, excise, exempt organizations, estate and gift tax) and increase the penalty amounts. Prior to the SBA, only preparers of income tax returns were subject to certain of these penalties, and the penalty rates were significantly lower.
  • Create a new penalty on claims for refund that are filed without any reasonable basis, which is a much easier standard for the IRS to base penalties on than the previous standard.
  • Increase the penalty for bad checks and money orders.

Please keep in mind that the above represents only the highlights of the most important changes in the new law. Please do not hesitate to contact us at your convenience for more details on how you may be affected by this meaningful tax legislation.

For additional information regarding this topic, please contact Michael Gillen at 215-979-1635 or one of the other members of the Tax Accounting Group of Duane Morris LLP with whom you are regularly in contact.

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