As of 3 January 2018, the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II (MiFID II) will significantly amend the way forward for non-EU firms (third country firms) to access the EU market.

There are close economic ties between the UK and Germany – around 2500 German companies have a UK branch, employing 370,000 people.

On 3 July 2016, the new Market Abuse Regulation ("MAR") will become effective all across the EU, replacing the currently applicable regime on insider trading and market manipulation.