The Information Commissioner's Office ("ICO") in the UK has issued the first formal enforcement action under the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the UK Data Protection Act 2018 (the "DPA") on Canadian data analytics firm AggregateIQ Data Services Ltd. ("AIQ"). The enforcement action, in the form of an Enforcement Notice served under section 149 of the DPA, requires AIQ to "cease processing any personal data of UK or EU citizens obtained from UK political organizations or otherwise for the purposes of data analytics, political campaigning or any other advertising purposes."
AIQ uses data to target online advertisements at voters, and its clients include UK political organizations, in particular Vote Leave, BeLeave, Veterans for Britain and the DUP Vote to Leave. These organizations provide personal data to AIQ for the purposes of targeting individuals with political advertising messages on social media.
While not established in the EU, the ICO has determined that as long as AIQ's processing activities relate to the monitoring of data subjects' behavior when that behavior takes place within the EU, then AIQ is subject to the GDPR, under its territorial scope provisions at Article 3(2)(b).
AIQ was found to be in breach of Articles 5(a) – 5(c) and Article 6 of the GDPR for processing personal data in a way that data subjects were not aware of, for a purpose they would not have expected, and without a lawful basis for processing. In addition, AIQ failed to provide the transparency information required under Article 14 of the GDPR.
AIQ is challenging the ICO's decision and has exercised its right of appeal to the First-tier Tribunal, under section 162(1)(c) of DPA.
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